A periscope is a simple but fascinating optical device that allows you to see objects that are not directly visible by looking over or around obstacles. It works using the principles of reflection through mirrors placed at an angle. Creating a periscope for a school project not only demonstrates scientific concepts but also encourages creativity and problem-solving skills. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you build your own periscope using cardboard.
Materials Needed
- A sturdy cardboard sheet (thick enough to hold its shape but easy to cut)
- Two small mirrors (approximately 5 cm x 5 cm)
- A ruler
- Pencil
- Craft knife or scissors
- Clear tape or glue
- Protractor (optional but helpful)
- Paint and markers (optional for decoration)
Step 1: Design the Periscope Body
- Use the ruler to measure and mark a rectangular strip on the cardboard. The dimensions can be approximately 30 cm in length and 10 cm in width.
- Extend the design to create four equal sections so that you can fold them into a rectangular tube.
- Add flaps of about 1 cm on one side of each section to help glue the edges together.
Step 2: Cut Out the Periscope Shape
- Carefully cut along the outer lines of your rectangle with a craft knife or scissors.
- Score the fold lines lightly with the craft knife (do not cut through) to make clean and easy folds.
Step 3: Fold and Assemble the Tube
- Fold the cardboard along the scored lines to form a rectangular tube.
- Use tape or glue to secure the flaps and hold the tube together tightly.
Step 4: Mark the Mirror Placement
- On both ends of the tube, mark a diagonal line at a 45-degree angle from the top corners.
- These lines should face opposite directions to allow the mirrors to reflect light properly.
Step 5: Attach the Mirrors
- Place a mirror on each marked diagonal line inside the tube.
- Ensure that the reflective surfaces face inward and are parallel to each other.
- Secure the mirrors firmly using tape or strong glue.
Step 6: Test Your Periscope
- Look through one end of the periscope and point the other end toward an object.
- You should be able to see the object reflected through the mirrors.
Step 7: Decorate (Optional)
- Paint or decorate the exterior of the periscope to make it visually appealing.
- Label the mirrors and light path for educational purposes if desired.
How Does a Periscope Work?
A periscope functions by reflecting light using mirrors positioned at 45-degree angles. When you look through the bottom opening, the light from the object enters the top mirror, reflects downward, and reaches your eyes through the second mirror. This simple yet effective mechanism is used in submarines, trenches during wars, and even by children for fun observations.
Educational Value of the Project
- Understanding Reflection: Demonstrates how mirrors can change the direction of light.
- Optics: Provides a basic understanding of how optical devices work.
- Creative Thinking: Encourages hands-on learning and problem-solving.
Tips for a Successful Project
- Ensure the mirrors are securely attached and correctly aligned at 45-degree angles.
- Test the periscope thoroughly to check if the reflection is clear.
- Use strong cardboard to maintain the structure’s stability.
- Be cautious when handling craft knives and mirrors.
Conclusion
Making a periscope with cardboard is a fun and educational school project that helps students understand basic concepts of optics and reflection. With simple materials and easy steps, students can create a working periscope while learning valuable science lessons. Give it a try, and enjoy the process of building your very own optical tool!
